What is the treatment for hhns

Urine should be tested for ketones. Serum potassium levels are usually normal, but sodium may be low or high depending on volume deficits. Hyperglycemia may cause dilutional hyponatremia, so measured serum sodium is corrected by adding 1.

BUN and serum creatinine levels are markedly increased. The fluid deficit can exceed 10 L, and acute circulatory collapse is a common cause of death. Widespread thrombosis is a frequent finding on autopsy, and in some cases bleeding may occur as a consequence of disseminated intravascular coagulation Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation DIC Disseminated intravascular coagulation DIC involves abnormal, excessive generation of thrombin and fibrin in the circulating blood.

During the process, increased platelet aggregation and coagulation Chemical pneumonitis, bacterial pneumonia, or airway obstruction It is caused by intrapulmonary shunting of blood resulting from airspace filling or Treatment consists of IV saline, correction of hypokalemia, and IV insulin 1 Treatment reference Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is a metabolic complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by severe hyperglycemia, extreme dehydration, hyperosmolar plasma, and altered consciousness Treatment is 0.

After that, the corrected sodium should be calculated. If the corrected sodium is normal or elevated, then 0. The rate of infusion of IV fluids should be adjusted depending on blood pressure, cardiac status, and the balance between fluid input and output. Insulin is given at 0. Hydration alone can sometimes precipitously decrease plasma glucose, so insulin dose may need to be reduced.

A too-quick reduction in osmolality can lead to cerebral edema. Occasional patients with insulin -resistant type 2 diabetes with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state require larger insulin doses. After recovery from the acute episode, patients are usually switched to adjusted doses of subcutaneous insulin. Diabetes Care —, It may also occur in those who have not been diagnosed with diabetes.

The condition may be brought on by:. Normally, the kidneys try to make up for a high glucose level in the blood by allowing the extra glucose to leave the body in the urine. But this also causes the body to lose water. If you do not drink enough water, or you drink fluids that contain sugar and keep eating foods with carbohydrates, you become very dehydrated.

When this occurs, the kidneys are no longer able to get rid of the extra glucose. As a result, the glucose level in your blood can become very high, sometimes more than 10 times the normal amount. The loss of water also makes the blood more concentrated than normal. This is called hyperosmolarity. It is a condition in which the blood has a high concentration of salt sodium , glucose, and other substances. This draws the water out of the body's other organs, including the brain.

The health care provider will examine you and ask about your symptoms and medical history. The exam may show that you have:. At the start of treatment, the goal is to correct the water loss.

This will improve the blood pressure, urine output, and circulation. Blood sugar will also decrease. Fluids and potassium will be given through a vein intravenously.

This must be done carefully. High glucose level is treated with insulin given through a vein. Apply market research to generate audience insights. Measure content performance.

Develop and improve products. List of Partners vendors. Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome HHNS is a potentially deadly condition that can develop as a result of infection or illness in people with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes or when diabetes medications aren't taken as directed.

Some also refer to this as a "diabetic coma. The symptoms of HHNS may appear slowly, taking days or even weeks to fully develop. Common symptoms include:. If you have symptoms of extreme thirst, frequent urination, confusion, and blurry vision, it's important that you seek medical care immediately, as you could be experiencing symptoms of hyperglycemia, which may be life-threatening. This dehydration occurs because elevated levels of glucose cause blood to become thicker and result in the body needing to produce more urine in order to lower them.

The result is frequent urination, which can result in serious or even life-threatening dehydration. If these fluids are not adequately replenished, the condition may eventually result in a seizure, coma, or even death. HHNS is typically brought on by:. Most people who experience HHNS are 65 and have type 2 diabetes. Young people with type 1 diabetes and children can be affected by HHNS as well, especially if they're obese, although this is uncommon. The condition is more likely to affect older adults, and especially those of African-American, Native American, or Hispanic ethnic backgrounds.

Rarely, HHNS can occur in people who have not yet been diagnosed with diabetes. HHNS is diagnosed based on symptoms and by measuring blood glucose levels, which can be performed with a finger stick. Serum osmolality specifically measures the chemicals dissolved in the liquid part of blood serum , such as sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, proteins, and glucose.

The test is done by taking a sample of blood from a vein. Treatment typically involves starting intravenous IV fluids saline solution delivered through a needle into a vein to rehydrate the body quickly. It also may require IV insulin to bring down blood sugar levels.

Potassium and sometimes sodium phosphate replenishment may also be required to support cell function. If you are hospitalized due to HHNS, you may be kept overnight for observation. The main goal of treatment of this condition is to identify the underlying factors, whether that's an infection, a certain medication, or poor blood sugar management.

It is imperative that a person experiencing HHNS receive urgent professional medical care, as complications may include seizures, coma, swelling of the brain, or even death if left untreated. The best way to prevent this serious condition is to manage your diabetes by:. DKA is also a serious condition and potentially life-threatening if not treated promptly.

A lack of insulin causes a build-up of glucose in the blood that cannot get into the cells of the body to be used for energy.